Essay on Celiac Disease - 1284 Words

Nature of the disease Celiac disease is a fairly common disease but is not very well known. Celiac disease, or celiac sprue, is a digestive condition triggered by consumption of the protein gluten (Hill, Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of celiac disease in children, 2011). Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, rye, and oats. People with celiac disease who eat foods containing gluten experience an immune reaction in their small intestines, causing damage to the inner surface of the small intestine and an inability to absorb certain nutrients (Hill, Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of celiac disease in children, 2011). The small intestine is responsible for absorbing food and nutrients. Thus, damage to the lining of†¦show more content†¦The symptoms adults experience are much the same as the children experience without the stunning of growth and affect on puberty. Some adults having a mild form of the disease exhibit almost no symptoms. Others may experience a loss or gain in appetite, abdominal pain, bloating, gas or indigestion. In addition, other people have bothersome symptoms including diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and excessive gas caused by vitamin and nutrient deficiencies (The Mayo Clinic staff, 2011). If a person is not absorbing nutrients adequately, a blood test will detect this lack of nutrient absorption resulting in the decreased of iron absorption. Also, this inability to absorb certain nutrients may cause vitamin deficiencies. These deficiencies deprive the brain, peripheral nervous system, bones, liver and other organs of vital nourishment (Dugdale III, Longstreth, Zieve, 2010). Causes The exact cause of celiac disease is not known, but scientists have found that it is genetic, meaning that if someone in your family has celiac then you have a high percent chance of having it too (The Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). Even though there is no known cause of this disease, scientists do know that in a person without celiac theShow MoreRelatedCeliac Disease955 Words   |  4 PagesCeliac disease: an often missed diagnosis Commonly referred to as wheat allergy, celiac disease is not an allergic disorder; rather it is actually intolerance to gluten, a protein in wheat. It is also known as celiac sprue, nontropical sprue and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Celiac disease occurs in people who have a genetic susceptibility. It was considered a north European disease initially but now it has a high prevalence in all the continents. In north- India it affects 1 in 200-300 individualsRead MoreCeliac Disease8765 Words   |  36 Pages50 Celiac Disease Dascha C. Weir, MD Ciaran Kelly, MD Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy secondary to permanent sensitivity to wheat gluten and related proteins in rye and barley. It results in characteristic histologic changes consisting of inï ¬â€šammation, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy of the small intestine in genetically susceptible individuals. Signiï ¬ cant variability in the clinical presentation of CD in the pediatric population complicates recognition ofRead MoreCeliac Disease : A Disease2422 Words   |  10 Pages Celiac disease, which is also called coeliac disease, is a genetic autoimmune disease that injures the small intestine. Gluten is a protein that is in some wheat, barley, and rye. It is also a new fad diet and being gluten intolerant is something a majority of the population may claim. However, for those who really have celiac disease it is more serious. In fact, Despite popular belief, celiac disease is a serious genetic autoimmune disease, not the latest fad diet, according to the organizationRead MoreThe Pathophysiology Of Celiac Disease2023 Words   |  9 Pages Celiac disease is a T-cell-mediated, autoimmune, genetic illness that targets the small intestine in which the absorption of nutrients, particularly fats, is impaired. The disease has been described as â€Å"a permanent intolerance to ingested gluten that damages the small intestine, characteristically inducing crypt hyperplasia and villous atrophy, and typically resolves with removal of gluten from the diet.† (AJN 34). Celiac disease appears to be more prevalent in women than in men. Genetic and immuneRead MoreSummary Of Shackled By Celiac Disease Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesShackled by Celiac Disease As a tear slips down her cheek, five-year-old Addi continues with her hair-raising screams. For two nights now, she has had miserable abdominal pain. Clueless as to why, her helpless mother tries to soothe her frazzled daughter. Switching her diet, checking her stool, watching her closely, mom finds nothing out of the ordinary. So the question remains, what is wrong? Why these sudden sleepless nights? After reading a medical website or paper, you miraculously come to theRead MoreDiagnostic Study On Celiac Disease836 Words   |  4 Pagescomplement the clinical history and physical examination in the patients with gastrointestinal diseases. -Gastrointestinal diseases:  Though iron is absorbed throughout the intestine, it is maximally absorbed in the duodenum. Diseases involving the duodenum – Celiac disease, Crohn’s disease and giardiasis, thereby are important etiologies. Increased gastrointestinal loss as seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cow’s milk protein induced colitis and chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatoryRead MoreTaking a Look at Celiac Disease752 Words   |  3 PagesDigestive diseases range from the occasional upset stomach to the more life-threatening cancers and infections within the liver, the gallbladder, and the pancreas. Most digestive diseases are prevalent in the elderly. Intestinal infections such as gastroenteritis and appendicitis are higher in among infants and children. Other diseases like hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic liver disease, occur more commonly among teenagers and middle-aged adults. The celiac disease is a digestiveRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Celiac Disease1068 Words   |  5 Pages Celiac disease (CD) is defined as a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by small intestine mucosal damage in response to the ingestion of dietary gluten (proteins found in wheat, barley, and rye) in genetically predisposed individuals that improves with strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (Kelly, et al., 2015; Woodward, 2016; Meyer Rosenblum, 2016; Isaac, et al. 2016; Hill, 2016). Ludvigsson, et al. (2013) explain that while the symptoms of celiac disease have been described in medicalRead MoreCeliac Disease : An Autoimmune Disorder1728 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder which is triggered by consumption of a dietary protein called gluten. Celiac disease causes the immune system to react abnormally to gluten. This immune response can lead to damage of the small intestines therefore causing malabsorption of vital nutrients. Gluten is found in wheat, rye, barley and triticale (a cross between wheat and rye). Celiac disease is also referred to as celiac sprue, gluten-sensitivity and non-tropical sprue. Gluten isRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Celiac Disease1701 Words   |  7 PagesCountless plagues, disorders, and diseases have cut many human lives short over the 160 thousand years since Homo sapiens evolved from their ancestors. Since then, human’s increasing knowledge of medical science has allowed for them to thrive for much longer than their primitive predecessors. These conditions have evolved in a costimulatory way with all species throughout life’s evolution, and although some of these s ituations are beneficial (symbiotic) many diseases benefit only one organism at the

Essay Aboriginal Customary Laws and Australian...

Aboriginal Customary Laws and Australian Contemporary Laws Aboriginal customary laws, before white settlement in 1788, were considered primitive by the British, if considered at all. But Aboriginal laws and customs had lasted hundreds of years, based on traditions such as kinship ties and rituals. These laws were formed by ancestors, spirits, and Aboriginal beliefs, and were passed down the generations by word-of-mouth instead of written down. Being over 500 tribes (each with its own clans) in Australia at one point, there were many variations to their guidelines, customised to each area of the land. Although the laws varied throughout the ages, this way of life remained until white settlement. The roots of Australian laws are†¦show more content†¦Children were taught how to be proper children until they were old enough to be told their adult customs. Australian laws have two forms, public and private law. Public law is an individual versus the Australian government, for example, criminal law, constitutional law and environmental law. It involves public bodies, public matters and is the concern of everybody in Australia. Private law involves disputes between private citizens or entities, for example, contract law, family law and probate laws. Traditional Aboriginal marriages were very different to English marriages and Australian marital laws today. Aboriginal girls were to be married when they reached puberty, and were married to much older men, who could marry (and have numerous wives) once a certain age. This meant that sex at a young age was acceptable. Australian law states that no person can legally marry until the age of 18, or have sex until the age of 16, and it is socially unacceptable for people to have numerous partners. Australian law declares under-age sex as child abuse and a criminal offence. All Aboriginals were involved in their customs and laws, with rules being imposed by the communities. Each clan was tight-knit and respected their ancestry and customs. Punishments varied, depending on the severity of the crime committed. Types of punishment included revenge, social ridicule, ostracism, insulting, spearing (aimed at the leg, but sometimes resulted in death) and death byShow MoreRelatedAboriginal Customary Law1594 Words   |  7 PagesAboriginal law had lasted for hundreds of years before white settlement of Australia in 1788. The laws were based from the Dreamtime and were formed by ancestors, spirits and Aboriginal beliefs. These laws were passed down by a word-of-mouth tradition and as there were many different tribes consisting of many clans spread out over a large area, separate laws were adapted to specific tribes and areas. 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Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal logic – forget, or underplay, how much of our daily reasoning is concerned not with arguments leading to truth-valued conclusions but with making choicesRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagessources. Most examples and exercises in the book are of this nature; they cover a very wide range of disciplines and subject areas. These include, but are not limited to, health and ï ¬ tness, consumer research, psychology and aging, environmental research, law and criminal justice, and entertainment. A Focus on Interpretation and Communication Most chapters include a section titled â€Å"Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses.† These sections include advice on how to best communicate

Marketing Issues for Coles and Woolworths Company- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Issues for Coles and Woolworths Company. Answer: Introduction The report presents a brief overview of the ethical, economic and legal issues of the Wesfarmers, Coles and Woolworths Company. It examines the notion that marketing makes a positive contribution to the common goods and services in the market. It describes that marketers are serious about environmental stewardship. with respect to top three countries of Australia named under supermarket i.e. Wesfarmers, Coles and Woolworth. The issues in the companies are briefly explained in the report. There are situations taken in the place of examples to make the report more understanding. It opens by explaining the definition of each issue and further carries forward the same idea with respect to the companies. It is critically examined with the policies that helped the company in growth and success. The report is a small overview of how a company of Australia functions even after facing various many issues in the market. The three companies taken in the report are the best supermarket companies that serve the consumers by providing good quality products to satisfy the human needs on a maximum level. Wesfarmers Company is founded on 1914 in Australia. It works with the cooperation of Australian farmers. It is one of the most leading companies in Australia. In this way, it is expanding and flourishing its business day by day. The Coles is a supermarket company which is dealing in various consumers products across the world. In such way, it is providing satisfaction to the customers. The company is a chain of the supermarket that is owned by Wesfarmers (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). Woolworth Company is a company delivering groceries and food items to the consumers. This Australian supermarket is a most trusted brand in the sector of retailing. It has largely opened its sector all over the country across the world. Further, it explains the business activities and operations of the companies in the market (Kotler, Keller, Brady, M., Goodman Hansen, 2016). Economic issue An economic issue is a problem that takes place in the company due to lack of resources. In the world, dreams of human beings are unlimited compared to the limited availability of resources. A number of resources present are insufficient and inappropriate. It cannot satisfy the human needs and requirements. Therefore the problems arising due to this are Economic Issues. The major problem faced by the society is of allocating these minimal resources within the economy equally. The problem is created by the human society itself (Moriarty, Mitchell, Wells, Crawford, Brennan Spence-Stone, 2014). Initially, the use of resources becomes so large that a number of resources present in the environment become limited to be used for future. Therefore the human wants turns out to be unsatisfactory. The problem of economy arises due to the problem of choice (Akbar Ahsan, 2014). In this way, these issues are not good for the companies. Economic Issues in Wesfarmers Wesfarmers is one of the biggest supermarket companies in Australia which largely serves the grocery items in all over the world. It serves to the country by providing good quality products and services to its customers across the world. It is making an effective position and image in the market. In this way, the company is trying to overcome on its competitors in the market. Thus various economic issues are faced by the company in the market across the world. The problem of the economy started worrying the investors. The business faced low growth and even no growth at all. The market value of the company dropped initially which put investors in dilemma to invest in the company or not. The CEO of the company believes to push the business towards a sale in order to gain good results and outputs in the market. Wesfarmers owns various different supermarkets of the country which has uplifted the decreasing brand over the years. The company is able to make the companys position stable whi ch resulted in a jump in companys share market (Menon, Bharadwaj, Adidam Edison, 2015). Economic Issues in Woolworth Woolworth is also a supermarket company of Australia which has grown itself in the initial years only by serving good quality of products and services across the world. They were able to satisfy the demands of the consumers which made their growth in the market easy. The economic issue faced by Woolsworth is same as faced by other companies in Australia. Woolworth is facing the similar threat in the sector of the economy. It initially earned good by the sale but later the percent of sale declined due to the difference in the planning of strategies. The decline was as per the sale of food. Woolworth faced a lot of trouble while planning for business expansion and growth. It certainly opened the branches of its own and started expanding the growth and success of the market. The company initially required a big investment but then made it. Woolworth had to take care of the amount of the investment made in completing one project. The issues resulted in the cost of operation due to the ra w materials supplied in the market (Slater and Tonkiss, 2013). Ethical issues in Coles Coles Company is a retail store in Australia. It has a number of retail chains and stores. The parent originator of the company is Wesfarrners. Only 30% of the market is controlled by the company for selling food and liquors. Companys inevitability of firing the workers resulted in dropping of the price. This led to the shortages in the stores which resulted in the feeling of disappointment in a large number of customers. Coles had to claim over the trust of the consumers by working harder. The economic issues in the company resulted in a claim over the grocery market. The sales after that also were weak and profits became even worse. The Company did not make that much amount of profit that is expected from the sale of products supply. These profit gaps were not at all in the control of suppliers (Frewer, Kleter, Brennan, Coles, Fischer, Houdebine Salter, 2013). Legal issues Legal issues are those problems that are found in the business that requires the interference of court to make a decision. The problem is solved by the evidence generated by the legal authorities. Legal issues in a company are dependent on the laws made by the people hired to handle the legal matters. It is very obvious that every company faces the legal problems since it is not easy to run large institution without any problem. An important thing in a company is to manage and anticipate legal issues on a timely basis to avoid any discrepancy (Schlosberg and Coles, 2016). Legal issues in Wesfarmers Wesfarmers plays a very important role in contributing on a range of issues to public policy and in the national debate. This has made the company the largest employer with operations all over the country. The company is also responsible for interacting and co-operating with the government agencies in order to operate effectively on the legal matters (Dos Santos, 2012). The legal issues in the company are normally seen when the company operates its functions irrespective of its policy (Richards, Lawrence, Loong, Burch, 2012). This creates competition among other firms and restricts the growth towards economy artificially. Since the development of new technologies company is able to meet most of the issues in a few years. In the company, there is undoubtedly an important role of the government in the operation of the business (Keith, 2012). A member of legal representatives is required to form a healthy economy in the environment. The support of these members is quite helpful for the company in participating effectively and efficiently in the market avoiding any legal issues. The problems in the company also arise with the interference of bureaucrats in the competitive market. It does not contribute anything to the national wealth but they intrude and diminish themselves (Valenzuela Fisher, 2012). The company should focus on the legal issues to maintain sustainability in the market. Legal issues in Coles The legal problems in Coles Company rose due to the workers. They took the legal action for stopping the agreement relating to employment between the larger supermarket and the union of retail workers (Kurt Hulland, 2013). During the issue, workers claimed about losing a great amount of profit in the coming years. The agreement was to increase the hourly rates of the workers working in the supermarket. During the solving of this problem, Coles had to go through many issues. It was asked to shut the markets down till the case is not solved which made a great loss for the market. According to law, the agreement has to be better off rather than getting any award. Australian competition and consumer commission announced the legal actions that were declared but were not approved being against the conduct of the supermarket. The policy launched by federal government relating to competition of various companies has increased the market dominance (Richards, Lawrence, Loong, Burch, 2012). Legal issues in Woolworth The legal problems in Woolworth have been a transformation in the company. Woolworths retailer is able to drive away the other companies in the battle such as Lower Company. The case was raised by the Lowes Company in the court. They wanted to appoint an independent liquidator (Chapple Humphrey, 2014). But Woolworth was not ready for that which created problems in the company. This required the interference of the justice to resolve the differences. But since the economic stability of Woolworth is good the solution was in favor of the company. According to the legal intervention, no company was insolvent and nobody came to present the company in the court which gave rise to many problems in legal terms (Berk, DeMarzo, Harford, Ford, Mollica, and Finch, 2013). Ethical Issues These are the issues that guide the business to behave morally. The issue gives a way of to choose right and wrong at the time of making choices. It is mainly chosen to get answers relating to the moral concepts. The problems relate to any good or evil consequences. The issues in the business are generally studied as the problems arising in the business situations. The issues that generally need the concern of any individual or representative to decide right and wrong i.e. ethical and unethical. Ethical behavior of the company depends on the moral views and principle values. There are various factors that cause issues relating to ethics (Cil, 2012). Ethical issues in Wesfarmers There are various ethical issues are faced by the Wesfarmers. The challenge that company has to face is making the supply chain in managing the ethical sources of risk which includes child labor, labor working under pressure etc. company works with the suppliers to stick to the conducts of ethical business through the range of actions. Wesfarmers have a large group of Ethical Source Policy. This allows setting the standards of the division. Every decision has the ethical policy of its own that matches with the policy of the company (Chandon, 2013). Ethical issues in Coles The ACCC has observed the commercial practices that were declared without any proof and were into engagement in the company. The Company showed concern over the suppliers of the supermarket. The decision was left to the court to decide whether the facts given by ACCC were relevant or rough. The ethical issues of the company resulted in fulfilling the outcomes of demanding the pay money from the suppliers. The company failed to tell about this to the suppliers which resulted in a demand for more money. But all this was illegally done. The operation of the cost of the company fell due to less supplying of products and imposing extra charges on what was supplied (Chapple Humphrey, 2014). Ethical issues in Woolworth According to Woolworth, every supplier must go through an ethical audit. It is done in order to know about the structure of payment, the place from where the raw materials are being originated and whether the company does child labor. Woolworth wants its suppliers to work on the ethical audits. This lets them know about the policies on corruption and working conditions of the company. The Ethical Sourcing Policy of Woolworth states that there should be no bribery and corruption by the suppliers. The suppliers must not go against the policies of the company and must not abolish the ethics of the agreement. Woolworth began to work on its ethical audits to meet the demands of the market and to follow the policies and agreement of the business honestly. The audits didnt fail and gave great results and also the ethical issues were solved in a considerable manner (Liu, 2012). Conclusion On the above discussion, it is concluded that there are various ethical, legal and economic issues are faced by Woolworth Australia. It gives a clear indication of the problems or of the issues that are faced by the companies in the sector of marketing. The technique or the strategies made by the company somewhere lacks in fulfilling the demands of the markets as well as of the consumers. The different issues faced by the company attacks in the growth of the business and become an obstacle in its target achievement. The report presents a clear overview of how a company should function in order to maintain its stability of work in the market. Therefore, the company should focus on these ethical, economic and legal issues in order to gain the success and growth across the world. References Akbar, S. and Ahsan, K., 2014. Analysis of corporate social disclosure practices of Australian retail firms.International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting,6(4), pp.375-396. Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Berk, J., DeMarzo, P., Harford, J., Ford, G., Mollica, V. and Finch, N., 2013.Fundamentals of corporate finance. Pearson Higher Education AU. Chandon, P., 2013. How package design and packaged-based marketing claims lead to overeating.Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy,35(1), pp.7-31. Chapple, L. and Humphrey, J.E., 2014. Does board gender diversity have a financial impact? Evidence using stock portfolio performance.Journal of Business Ethics,122(4), pp.709-723. Cil, I., 2012. Consumption universes based supermarket layout through association rule mining and multidimensional scaling.Expert Systems with Applications,39(10), pp.8611-8625. Dos Santos, M.A.O., 2012. Global warming mitigation promotes corporate entrepreneurship within Woolworths' supply chain.African Journal of Business Management,6(31), p.9151. Frewer, L. J., Kleter, G. A., Brennan, M., Coles, D., Fischer, A. R., Houdebine, L. M., ... Salter, B. (2013). Genetically modified animals from life-science, socio-economic and ethical perspectives: examining issues in an EU policy context.New biotechnology,30(5), 447-460. Keith, S., 2012. Coles, Woolworths and the local.Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies,2, pp.47-81. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Brady, M., Goodman, M. and Hansen, T., 2016.Marketing management. Pearson Education Ltd. Kurt, D. and Hulland, J., 2013. Aggressive marketing strategy following equity offerings and firm value: the role of relative strategic flexibility.Journal of Marketing,77(5), pp.57-74. Liu, T., 2012. Combining GIS and the Huff Model to Analyze Suitable Locations for a New Asian Supermarket in the Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota USA.Papers in Resource Analysis,14, p.8. Menon, A., Bharadwaj, S.G., Adidam, P.T. and Edison, S.W., 2015. Effective Marketing Strategy-Making: Antecedents and Consequences. InProceedings of the 1997 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 224-224). Springer, Cham. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Richards, C., Lawrence, G., Loong, M. and Burch, D., 2012. A toothless chihuahua? The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, neoliberalism and supermarket power in Australia.Rural Society,21(3), pp.250-263. Schlosberg, D. and Coles, R., 2016. The new environmentalism of everyday life: Sustainability, material flows and movements.Contemporary Political Theory,15(2), pp.160-181. Slater, D. and Tonkiss, F., 2013.Market society: markets and modern social theory. John Wiley Sons. Valenzuela, F.R. and Fisher, J., 2012. Poker machine wars: Social responsibility and marketing.World,2(3), pp.69-77.

Watergate2 Essay Example For Students

Watergate2 Essay In June of 1972 an event occurred that changed the course of history. On June 12,1972 there was a break-in at the Watergate Hotel. When the police arrived they found 5men equipped with electronic bugging devices and burglary tools at the headquarters forthe Democratic National Convention. Two of the individuals were James McCord and G. Gordon Liddy, both members of the committee to re-elect the president. A third suspectwas E. Howard Hunt, a former CIA agent and White House aide. When the news broke President Nixon claimed that no one in the White House hadany prior knowledge to the burglary. The break-in was part of an elaborate plan byCREEP to sabotage Nixon’s opposition for re-election. A week after the break in Nixonagreed to cover up the White House’s involvement in the break in. Nixon claimed thatany further investigation of the scandal was a threat to national security and needed tocease immediately. This plan seemed to work until early 1973 when the trial for theWatergate break-in began. Nixon had his chance to come clean at this time, but he chosenot to. This only made things worse for him Once the trial began his involvement in thecover up became greater, and involved blackmailing by those who were on trial for theThe Watergate trial was brief, 5 of the defendant plead guilty and the other 2 wereconvicted by the jury. Before Judge Sircia sentenced the defendants there was a letterwritten by McCord read to the court that implicated that higher ups in the White HouseAdministration had prior knowledge of the burglary and had committed perjury. Nixon’scover up was beginning to come apart and he told the American public that he had noprior knowledge of the break in or the cover up that followed until March 21, which was alie. By April 30, 1973 Nixon was under extreme pressure and announced to America theresignation of his key advisors and legal consul. On May 22, 1973 Nixon came before theAmerican public and told of his involvement in the wiretapping and how he had helpedestablish the Intelligence Unit to protect any threat to national security. We will write a custom essay on Watergate2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The summer of 1973 was a turning point in the Watergate Scandal. The SenateWatergate Hearings began, and they were led by Senator Sam Ervin. The trial wastelevised and the American public was able to see the political sabotage and deception thatwas carried out by the White House. America learned of the hush money that was paidand the destruction of evidence to keep the affair under wraps. The testimony of John Dean in June of 1973 was particularly damaging to Nixon. Dean’s testimony was clear, concise and to the point. He informed the committed of a setof tapes that were made in the Oval Office that would implicate Nixon’s involvement inthe scandal. Archibald Cox, who was the special prosecutor on the case wanted the tapes,and he demanded them from Nixon, who refused to hand them over. On October 20 ofthat year Cox again demanded the tapes and was prepared to get a court order for Nixonto turn them over. In turn Nixon ordered attorney general Richardson to fire Cox, whichhe refused, as did the deputy attorney general. Both men resigned. On that Saturdaynight the solicitor general carried out Nixon’s wishes and fired Cox. With the threat ofImpeachment looming Nixon turned over the tapes. While the struggle for the tapes wasgoing on there were additional charges brought against the president. .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 , .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .postImageUrl , .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 , .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1:hover , .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1:visited , .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1:active { border:0!important; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1:active , .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1 .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10cce8d4dba304c01618db4e11f21fb1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay On Queen VictoriaOn July 30, 1974 the committee voted on 3 articles of impeachment. Nixon wasaccused of obstructing justice, violating his oath, abusing his power, subverting theconstitutional rights of citizens, and disobeying subpoenas for White House records andOn August 8, 1974 Nixon went on national television announce his resignation. He admitted no wrong doing, but admitted to using bad judgmentBibliography:

Decision Making Starbucks Transformational Experience

Decision Making Starbucks Transformational Experience Starbucks Historical Background Howard Schultz was among the founders of Starbucks. He transformed the entire community into an upscale cultural phenomenon by introducing a legendary product. At Seattle Pike Place, Gerald Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Zier Siegl were among the pioneers who opened a small coffee shop by 1971. It specialized in selling Arabica beans which was a niche market by then.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making: Starbucks Transformational Experience specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When Schultz joined the marketing team in 1982, his trip to Italy (Milan) opened an insight into a coffee culture. Schultz convinced the company to introduce an Espresso bar in the market which became a prototype of his vision. He envisaged creation of a chain of coffee houses that would become third place for Americans after home and work. It would be a place to relax, enjoy and separate work from home (Youn gme John, 2003). Schultz’s idea materialized when the founders agreed to sell him the company. He immediately opened new stores which sold beans and premium priced coffee beverages targeting the affluent, well educated and white collar patrons between all ages (25-44). By 1940, the company had raised 140 stores in North West and Chicago. It had begun to compete with other small coffee chains like Gloria’s Jean Coffee Bean and Barnies’s coffee and Tea. Schultz’s versatility surprised skeptics when Starbucks was listed on Wall Street. The public offered him $ 25 million. Starbucks grew by 40% and increased net earnings by 50%. The company now serves over 20 million unique customers in over 5000 stores around the globe. Schwaltz has been able to maintain his role at the global level as chairman and chief global strategist. He handed over as CEO in 2002 to Orin Smith, a Harvard MBA graduate who joined the company in 1990 (Jake, 2002). Starbucks brand strateg y involved control of coffee standards across all its chains, control the custom roasting process and control the distribution of products to retail stores across the globe. In addition, customer service intimacy and an atmosphere of ambience were brands that attracted people to come for coffee (Youngme John, 2003). Starbucks Company operated its own distribution channels located in busy traffic and visibility settings. Some of the common brands included brewed coffees, espresso drinks with Italian inclination, beverage blends and premium teas. In essence beverages accounted for 77% of sales, North American food service accounted for 27%, and specialty novelties stood at 15%. 18% of the sales emanated from domestic retail stores. 55% of specialty revenues came from licensed stores, grocery stores, warehouse stores, online and email order sales. The company’s central objective was to access to clients from their own settings (Dina, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Quality service delivery resonated with human resource policies. At Starbuck, strategies pursued motivated over 60000 employees for service delivery. The lowest level of entry was barista; hourly wage employees. It provided an attractive health insurance package for those aged 17-23 years. The customer satisfaction rate was 80-90%. Fortunate magazine ranked the company 47th as best place to work. Social mobility was evident as 70% of the managers had risen from baristas and 60% were ex-store managers. They underwent training, succeeded baristas before moving to other positions (Starbucks, 2002). Retail partners underwent trainings on hard and soft skills. Hard skills included learning how to use cash drinks and mixed drinks. Soft trainings focused on welcoming customers, eye contact while serving, smiling, remembering their names or orders. There were challenges where c ustomizing of dinks to customer needs created strains on quality and customer service (HSBP). This was tackled through training baristas to make quality products, through a consistent production process, hiring of more baristas, removing non-value-added tasks, and simplifying beverage production process. The company had begun to install automated expresso and verismo machines that reduced number of steps required to make an expresso beverage (service Marketing). Customers evaluated performance through metrics, monthly status reports and self reported checklists (Dina, 2002). Starbucks as a Modern Organization Starbucks forces of organization such as workforce, technology and markets have turned diverse, electronic and global as opposed to local, homogeneous and mechanic. Its values transformed from stability and efficiency to change and flexibility (Ray, 1986). Jaffe argues that bureaucratic organizations are based on three basic principles that include formalization (in form of pro cedures and policies), instrumentalism and formalization (Jaffe, 2001). Starbucks can be identified as one such organization. George Ritzers’ conception in what he calls McDonalization captures Starbucks’ operations such the fast food industry operating under efficiency, predictability, control and calculability (Ritzer, 1993). The logic of modern organizations is segmentation into smaller responsibilities or parts for accomplishing tasks (Heydebrand, 1989).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making: Starbucks Transformational Experience specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Design and Methodology Shuttleworth Martyn (2008) suggests that a survey research design is an indispensable tool when assessing opinions and trends. Since the proposed quota survey ascertained perceptions of Starbucks Holding company chain stores, it became the most appropriate method for the study. The quota sample to d eveloped came from a list of all employees and customers who had gone through the company for a period of three years. The researcher utilized systematic sampling technique in which a sample was chosen by selecting a random starting point and then picking every 5th household around the chain stores. The sample interval was determined from the universe of 200000 thousand people. Mehdi Nassipur (2004) argues when a sample is too small, generalizability of the findings becomes difficult. When it is too small it becomes meaningless when analyzed. Besides, when the resources and time are limited a smaller sample becomes justified. The desired sample was 1500. The sample interval was 133. That means every 133th household had a likelihood of selection. The population resided in a geographically ordered area where potential lived alongside each other. The sample was distributed according to population per region. A triangulation of sampling quota and systematic techniques were utilized as f ollows. The orderly nature of geographical distribution increased representativeness. The survey design utilized control categories to obtain a representative sample from the main list. The survey considered control categories. There were six categories which had a larger percentage for males. The decision was arrived at because women were fewer than men. The higher percentage of males increased their likelihood of selection. Age categories relied on more frequent customer data for the last three years. The larger percentage of 31-35 was necessary to share experiences of those who have been in the job market based on the old training program. Other categories included income levels based on employment or unemployment. The last category was educational levels assessed based on secondary, tertiary or college levels. Control characteristics population composition sample size Number Sex male 45 675 90000 Female 55 825 110000 1500 200000 Age 18-25 10 150 20000 26 -30 20 300 40000 31-35 15 225 30000 36-40 20 300 40000 41-45 20 300 40000 46-50 15 225 30000 1500 200000 Chain stores North American stores 30 450 60000 Chain stores outside North America 70 1050 140,000 Source: HSBPAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The survey adopted qualitative and quantitative techniques. Cross sectional survey design ensured validity was achieved. Semi structured questionnaires were used for qualitative methods while strict and closed ended ones targeted quantitative methods. Survey techniques used in the study relied on focus group discussions and in depth interviews. Analysis of results utilized the SPSS software version 18 to summarize frequencies. The qualitative data utilized content analysis. Starbucks Research Findings The study endeavored to gauge customer perceptions and rating of the performance of the company indicated mixed reactions. Most of the respondents believed Starbucks had the cleanest stores (83%). 77% of them felt it was convenient for them. 75% felt it was available to customers. 73% thought that the staff were friendly to its customers. A further 72% liked their coffee flavored brand while 67% felt they had highest quality coffee and fast service. Likewise, 65% felt they had appropri ate prices. 60% liked their fresh coffee and best expresso drinks. 65% were attracted to Starbucks due to the pleasant ambience. 39% perceived the knowledge of the staff as important and contributed to better service. Besides, 37% liked the convenience it created by allowing people to meet in one place for meeting friends. Their best blended ice drinks attracted 34% of the customers to the company. 30% liked their involvement with community projects as a social responsibility. 20% rated their tea as highest quality product. 17% liked their pastry, 16% liked a selection of whole beans and their new innovative beverages (13%). The results corroborated with sales performance from 2000 to 2005. In 2000, the traditional coffee market share was represented by 75% of total sales. The specialty coffee sales formed 27% which totaled $ 21 billion. The year 2002 improved further to $21.5 billion sales with traditional coffee market dropping slightly to 69% while the coffee specialty improved t o 37% of the sales. In 2005, the company registered $ 22 billion sales with traditional coffee market improving to 59% share and coffee specialty improving to 41% market share. A study of customer retention showed that customers who first started visiting Starbucks in the past one year were 27% of those interviewed. Those who visited in 1-2 years were represented by 20%. 30% had visited for 2-5 years ago while 23% had visited for 5 or more years. In an attempt to measure attitudes towards Starbucks products, it was revealed that 51% believed in their quality products while 34% had a contrary opinion. 50% trusted their brands while 30% felt differently. 32% said the products were worth paying more for with a paltry 8% feeling contrary. 60% had noticed their specialty coffee. The rating of company products indicated trust and confidence emanating from the customers. Starbuck’s survey indicated that it was difficult to differentiate between Starbucks and smaller coffee shops. 61 % of respondents from 2001 survey revealed that Starbucks cared about money. 55% felt it cared about building new stores. Customer trends were evolving to younger ones, less educated and with low income as opposed to old and affluent ones. It had increased Hispanic customers in California. The findings of the study further revealed that customer perceptions indicated that Starbucks had valued brands (34% of females and 51% of males), trusted the brands (30% of females and 50% of males), had brands worth paying for (44% females and 60% males while 31% females and 45% males considered it as coffee experts. Atypical customer visited 5 times in a month while frequent ones visited 18 times per month. It further revealed that Starbucks was not meeting customer expectations because of a service gap (Starbucks, 2003). Alternatives Analysis and Selection Criteria Innovations contributed to new product design and launch of hot beverage brands every season. Increased investment in research han d innovation through Focused groups, in-store experiments and market tests were attributable to recent innovations as the 1995 introduction of Frappuccino and non coffee beverages (Stanley, 2002). In 2001, the Stored Value Card (SVC), a swappable card was launched which could pay transactions in any company operated store in N. America. The effect of the innovation was issuance of 6 million cards and soaring of sales to $160 million. The latest invention was the Hot Spot wireless T-mobile introduced in 2002 to offer high speed access to internet in 2000 stores (Stanley, 2002). Recommendations Christin Day’s proposal to invest $ 40 million annually in 4500 stores to allow stores to add 20 hours of labor a week was tenable. It would increase speed of service and thereby enhance customer satisfaction. New customer trends had changed and needed new products to capture their needs. Increased funding for more research and design was still viable. Action and Implementation Plan App rove $ 40 million investment proposal and recruit baristas for training as soon as possible. Source more funds for research and design. Reinvent customer retention strategies Rebrand non poorly performing products Fill the service expectation gaps Introduce an IT system or portal to link all the chain stores for ease of marketing and sales Train the staff of products and services to improve service quality. References Dina E. (2002, August 25th). Pouring It On: The Starbucks Strategy? Locations, Locations, Locations. The Washington Post, 30, 23-25. HBSP. (2003). New Online Tolls for Building new Coursepacks. www.hsbp.harvard.edu. Web. Heydebrand, W. (1989). New Organizational Forms. Work and Occupations, 16 (3). 323-357 Jaffe, D. (2001). Organization Theory: Tensions and Change. New York: McGraw-Hill. Jake Batsell. (2002, June 26th). A Grande Decade for Starbucks.  The Seattle Times, 20, 15-20. Martyn, Shuttleworth. (2008). Survey Research Design. Web. Nassipur, Mehdi. (2004). Ov erview of Sample Surveys: Applied Sampling Workshop at the Annual TRB Conference, Traffic Safety IDOT, Washington. Ray, C.H. (1986). Corporate Culture: The Last Frontier of Control? Journal of  Management Studies, 23 (3), 287-29. Ritzer, G. (1993). The McDonalization of Society. London: Pine Forge Press. Youngme, Moon John Quelch. (2003). HBS Cases, Boston: Harvard Business Services Marketing (2003). Pearson Learning Solution. Web. Starbucks. (2003) Starbucks Survey Reports February 2003. Harvard Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Starbucks, (2002). Starbucks’ Customer Perception 2002 Survey Report. Harvard Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Stanley Holmes. (202, March 18th). Starbucks’ Card Smarts.  Business Week, 30, 21-25.

9 Famous Types of Editing That Every Author Should Know

9 Famous Types of Editing That Every Author Should Know 9 Types of Editing: A Guide for Authors For any writer, the world of professional editing can be very intimidating - especially when trying to figure out what kinds of editors you need and how to find good ones for your project. Indeed, there are so many types of editing out there, it’s enough to make anyone’s head spin!But this process doesn’t have to be so overwhelming. In this guide, we’ll take you through all the different types of editing, what each one entails, and how they relate to one another. Plus we’ll provide insight from our own expert editors on what these types can do for you as a writer! Ready to get started? 9 types of editing how to apply them to your manuscript  Ã°Å¸â€œ  What are the 9 types of editing?1. Developmental editingDevelopmental editing, also called content or substantive editing, involves an editor providing detailed feedback on â€Å"big-picture† issues. They’ll refine your ideas, shape your narrative, and help you fix any major plot or character inconsistencies. Basically, they’ll look at just about every element of your story and tell you what works and what doesn’t.â€Å"For a developmental edit, I look at some of the larger questions,† says editor Mary-Theresa Hussey. â€Å"Why are the characters behaving as they do? What are their motivations? Do these scenes add to the overall story? What is your underlying theme and how does it change?†As we said, this is typically the first step in the editing process. After all, you don’t want to get your manuscript proofed or formatted if you haven’t even fleshed out the plot yet! A developmental editor will make sure your story’s u p to snuff before moving forward, so you don’t end up copy-correcting work that’s just going to get thrown out anyway.What do you get out of a developmental edit?There are two pieces here that your editor should provide: an editorial report and an annotated manuscript.The editorial report is a general critique of everything your developmental editor thinks you should change, along with commentary on what’s functioning well and should stay in your work. Meanwhile, the annotated manuscript is a marked-up version of the manuscript itself, with specific suggestions as to how you can fix each issue. You might think of the annotated manuscript as the editor’s raw feedback and the editorial report as a summary of that feedback.2. Editorial assessmentOn the other hand, if your manuscript isn’t quite ready yet for a developmental edit, but you still want to get some feedback on it, you can always call for an editorial assessment.â€Å"In an editorial asses sment, the author wouldn’t receive comments and example rewrites in the manuscript,† says genre fiction editor Leah Brown. â€Å"Instead, they would receive a letter that focuses on the broad strokes. An editorial assessment is best for an author who is early in the process and whose manuscript may be messier.†So an editorial assessment is similar to an editorial report, but with less detail. It should give you some concrete ideas about how to construct your story. However, it won’t have the nuance of a full developmental edit, so don’t rely on an assessment alone to perfect your manuscript.3. Structural editing Make sure that structure's solid before you build on it! (Image: Michael Eggerl on Unsplash)4. Copy editingOnce you’re certain that you’ve solved the big-picture issues of your book and done any necessary rewrites, it’s time to dive into copy editing! This type is also known as mechanical and sometimes line editing, depending on its particular application.â€Å"A copy editor’s job is to bring the author’s completed manuscript to a more professional level,† says editor Chersti Nieveen. â€Å"A copy edit helps create the most readable version of your book, improving clarity, coherency, consistency, and correctness. The goal is to bridge any remaining gaps between the author’s intent and the reader’s understanding.†What elements do copy editors consider?A copy editor examines and corrects the following elements in your work:SpellingGrammarCapitalizationWord usage and repetitionDialogue tagsUsage of numbers or numeralsPOV/ten se (to fix any unintentional shifts)Descriptive inconsistencies (character descriptions, locations, blocking, etc.)Essentially, while a developmental editor will address overarching issues with your story, the copy editor looks at more minute details. After all, it’d be pretty distracting to your reader if you constantly misuse dialogue tags or misspell the word â€Å"restaurant.† Copy editing ensures that errors like these don’t happen, so your writing is as strong as possible, and your reader remains 100% focused on the story.5. Line editingPeople often use this term synonymously with copy editing, but they’re not exactly the same. To clarify: line editing focuses specifically on the content and flow of your prose. It’s also called stylistic editing, since it concentrates on style rather than mechanics.In other words, it still falls under the umbrella of copy editing, but it’s more precise. While a full copy edit looks at all of the elemen ts listed in the bullets above, a line edit would only take word usage, POV/tense, and descriptive inconsistencies into account, and provide more detailed suggestions as to how to strengthen the prose itself.Obviously, spelling, grammar, and other mechanical elements are critical, but a line edit would not attend to these so much as to creative content. If you feel incredibly confident about the mechanics of your prose but less so about its flow and style, you might request that your copy editor focus their energy on line editing alone. After all, a proofreader can always catch any minor errors that slip through the cracks. Copy vs. line editing: what's the difference? Find out here! 🔎 And speaking of proofreaders...6. Proofreading 9 Types of Editing: A Guide for Authors Read post There are plenty of ways to self-edit or  build a team of insightful beta readers who can provide you with an outside perspective. But if you intend to become a successful author (whatever that means to you), there’s no replacement for professional assistance and correct procedure when it comes to editing. With this in mind, you’re ready to go forth and conquer - the world of editing, that is!Have you ever had a professional edit done on your work? If so, tell us about it in the comments below!

Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Assignment - Case Study Example They can manage their products from one area to the next and capitalize on the most viable opportunities present in the industry. When doing the feasibility study, it found out that the retail business was growing at an exponential rate (Hill and Jones, 2013). This means it has a chance to capitalize on it and use the acquired knowledge over the years to meet its goals. Despite the financial crisis that triggered a price discount for its products, the expansion after the recovery of the economy will be a good way of dealing with an increased demand that will open up new markets both at the retail and wholesale sections. If the company escapes from continued need to expand, it will miss out on opportunities that would have cemented its position in the market. As such, it should proceed with its plans and capitalize on the expected vibrancy of the market. This will also streamline its efficacy in dealing with its supply chain management process in whichever area they operate in. the expansion, therefore, was a good economic and strategic opening for the